A Study of Seima-Turbino Bronze Artifacts Discovered in China
A Study of Seima-Turbino Bronze Artifacts Discovered in China
doi:10.17746/1563-0110.2025.53.1.064-073
Liu Xiang1 and Jiang Jiayi2 1China-Central Asia “Belt and Road” Joint Laboratory on Human and Environment Research, School of Cultural Heritage, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, 710069, China 2Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Cultural Heritage Bureau, No. 312 Renmin Road, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, 830017, China
We describe Seima-Turbino artifacts from museum collections and sites in China—two spearheads from the Gansu Provincial Museum and two daggers from the Tianshui Museum. The composition of metal was analyzed. Spearheads are made of copper with minor additions, and daggers are made of bronze. The shape of the latter is identical to that of the specimens from Sopka-2/4B. Their type and technology suggests that they were not made by people of the Qijia culture, but were imported by the Seima-Turbino people. Typology and chronology of daggers and spearheads from China are examined. Parallels with those from Western Siberia are listed. We conclude that ties between the cultures of Qijia and Seima-Turbino date to 2200-2000 BC, and the origin of metallurgy in China was intrinsically linked to that phenomenon.
Keywords: Tianshui, spearheads, daggers, Qijia culture, Seima-Turbino phenomenon, chemical composition
