Middle Neolithic Burials in Baikal-Yenisey Siberia: Problems of Cultural Identity and Genesis
Middle Neolithic Burials in Baikal -Yenisey Siberia: Problems of Cultural Identity and Genesis
doi:10.17746/1563-0110.2023.51.1.042-051
I.M. Berdnikov1, N.P. Makarov2, T.M. Savenkova3, N.E. Berdnikova1, N.B. Sokolova1, A.M. Kim4, and D. Reich4, 5, 6, 7 1Irkutsk State University, K. Marksa 1, Irkutsk, 664003, Russia 2Krasnoyarsk Regional Museum of Local Lore, Dubrovinskogo 84, Krasnoyarsk, 660049, Russia 3Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Partizana Zheleznyaka 1, Krasnoyarsk, 660022, Russia 4Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA 5Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA 6Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA 7Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02446, USA
The study focuses on the analysis of Middle Neolithic burial complexes of the Baikal-Yenisey Siberia. Based on a series of reliable radiocarbon dates, their age lies within the range of 6190-5900 cal BP. It partly corresponds to the end of the hiatus in the mortuary traditions of Cis-Baikal. Features of the burial rite and funerary offerings are analyzed and compared with those of neighboring territories. One of the most frequent images in the art of the Middle Neolithic Baikal-Yenisey Siberia is that of the waterfowl, rendered as figurines. The common grave goods are leaf-shaped stone arrowheads, shell beads, and pendants made of animal bones and teeth. The funerary rite included the use of fire and reddish mineral pigment, as well as disrupting the anatomical integrity of the skeletons, possibly due to partial burial (the data are tentative). Most burials of the late stage of the hiatus are evidently those of hunter-gatherers manufacturing the Ust-Belaya ceramics, which were found in certain burials. A bone arrowhead with a biconical point and figurines representing waterfowl suggest cultural ties with the Urals and Western Siberia; but their nature has yet to be clarified, which requires large-scale AMS-dating and paleogenetic analysis.
