{"id":1920,"date":"2021-10-01T15:01:52","date_gmt":"2021-10-01T08:01:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/archaeology.nsc.ru\/sale\/?post_type=product&#038;p=1920"},"modified":"2021-10-01T16:09:01","modified_gmt":"2021-10-01T09:09:01","slug":"aeae0493en14","status":"publish","type":"product","link":"https:\/\/archaeology.nsc.ru\/sale\/en\/product\/aeae0493en14\/","title":{"rendered":"The Ratio of Indigenous to Immigrant Populations in the Western Steppe During the Bronze Age (Based on Cranial Data) (PDF file)"},"content":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>File .pdf <a class=\"button product_type_simple add_to_cart_button ajax_add_to_cart\" href=\"?add-to-cart=1920\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-quantity=\"1\" data-product_id=\"1920\" data-product_sku=\"\" aria-label=\"\">Add to basket<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Journal Article &#8220;Archaeology, Ethnology &#038; Anthropology of Eurasia&#8221;49 (3) 2021<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">doi:10.17746\/1563-0110.2021.49.3.127-135<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>A.A. Kazarnitsky<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">\nPeter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (Kunstkamera), Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya nab. 3, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia<br \/>\nInstitute of Physicochemical and Biological Problems in Soil Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya 2\/2, Pushchino, 142290, Russia\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Measurements of ~730 male crania from cemeteries associated with Bronze Age cultures of the steppe and forest-steppe zone of Eastern Europe (Yamnaya, Catacomb, Poltavka, Babino, Lola, and Timber-Grave) were subjected to multivariate analyses. D2 distances between sample centroids were calculated, and non-metric multidimensional scaling was carried out. The results are used to evaluate the proportion of indigenous and immigrant groups during four successive periods\u2014Early Bronze Age, Middle Bronze Age, Middle to Late Bronze Age transition, and Late Bronze Age. The differences between Yamnaya populations are comparable to those between recent groups inhabiting vast territories of Eastern Europe, from Karelia to the Northern Caucasus. The role of the substrate component in the origin of Early and Middle Bronze Age groups was considerable. However, virtually no continuity was observed at the Middle to Late Bronze Age transition, when post-Catacomb cultures originated. Continuity with Middle Bronze Age groups is observed in Late Bronze Age samples representing the Timber-Grave people, who combined features of the Catacomb and post-Catacomb people. Factors accounting for such a process may include \u201cpendulum migrations\u201d and temporary reversal of funerary tradition from kurgans to \u201cinvisible\u201d flat burials.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Keywords: <em>Physical anthropology, craniology, craniometry, Bronze Age, Eastern Europe, human populations<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":1865,"template":"","meta":[],"lang":"en","translations":{"en":1920},"pll_sync_post":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/archaeology.nsc.ru\/sale\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product\/1920"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/archaeology.nsc.ru\/sale\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/archaeology.nsc.ru\/sale\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/product"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archaeology.nsc.ru\/sale\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1865"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/archaeology.nsc.ru\/sale\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1920"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}